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grease lubricant additives and greasing methods

Grease 101 PART 3: Grease Lubricant Additives and Greasing Methods

Welcome to the third instalment of Grease 101. In PART 1 of the series, we provided an overview of grease lubricants, covering aspects like base penetrability, NLGI grade classification, grease drop-point, and dmN factor measurement. In PART 2, we explored lubricating oil and thickeners, elucidating their types and inter-compatibility. This third and final part of the series is dedicated to additives, the third grease lubricant component. We’ll delve into their various types, assess advantages and constraints, and conclude with a

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what is hardness of water and how to deal with it

What Is Hardness of Water and How to Deal With It

Water is a fundamental element of life, indispensable for human consumption, sanitation, and industrial processes. Yet, not all water is created equal. As it journeys through the Earth’s crust, minerals and ions, alter its composition, which impacts its quality and usability. One such transformation is the phenomenon known as “water hardness.”   In water chemistry, hardness refers to the concentration of certain minerals, predominantly calcium and magnesium ions, dissolved within the water. While these minerals are essential for human health

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grease 101 grease lubricant oils and thickeners

Grease 101 PART 2: Grease Lubricant Oils and Thickeners

In the previous article, we gave a general description of grease lubricants, including its base penetrability and how it is measured, classification according to NLGI grade, grease drop-point, dmN factor, and more. We also mentioned that grease has three components: lubricants, thickeners, and additives. In this article, we will be going through the first two components of grease lubricant and the different factors to consider within each component.  Also read: Grease 101 PART 1: Understanding the Basics of Grease LubricantTypes

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how to read concentration ratios

How to Read the Concentration Ratio

This comprehensive overview delves into the intricate realm of reading concentration ratio, presenting a clear understanding of weight/weight (w/w) and weight/volume (w/v) units. By offering an analogy that juxtaposes the additive nature of mass with the nuanced behavior of liquids, it illuminates how combining equal volumes of liquids may yield unexpected results due to density disparities. The discourse delves into concentration units—percentages, parts per million (ppm), and parts per billion (ppb)—their conversions, and the pragmatic selection of the appropriate unit

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hepatitis e prevalance, transmission, and prevention strategies

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV): Prevalence, Transmission, and Prevention Strategies

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of enteric viral hepatitis worldwide. Recently, autochthonous HEV infection has emerged as a significant concern in Europe, as the EFSA reported, making it a global public health issue. Despite its low prevalence overall, HEV varies significantly in different regions, with higher rates observed in developing countries. In Spain, the general population’s prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies is reported to be 1.1% (Echevarría et al., 2014). HEV is a small, spherical virus, approximately 27-34

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science of stain removal alkaline vs acidic cleaners

The Science of Stain Removal: Alkaline vs Acidic Cleaners

Stain removal has always been a paramount challenge in maintaining pristine surfaces, leading to the development of specialised cleaning agents. Alkaline solutions have emerged as a powerful tool against oil-based stains, leveraging the science of saponification to emulsify and dissolve oils effectively. Conversely, mineral stains demand the acidic touch, as these solutions excel at breaking down stubborn mineral deposits. In this concise article, we uncover the chemical underpinnings of these cleaning practices and explain the reasons behind the remarkable efficacy

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grease 101 understanding the basics of grease definition and composition

Grease 101 PART 1: Understanding The Basics of Grease Lubricant

Greases have widespread applications in diverse industries and are ideal for machines operating irregularly or where frequent oil changes are impractical. Nevertheless, the many grease  variants available can make selecting the appropriate one challenging. When choosing a grease lubricant, several crucial factors merit consideration, including its base penetrability, NLGI grade, lubricating oil, thickener type, and additives. Emphasising grease consistency is vital in systems that require blending multiple grease lubricant formulations. ORAPI has meticulously curated the ultimate guide to different grease

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types of lubrication boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication

Types of Lubrication: Boundary vs Hydrodynamic Lubrication

The fundamental principles of boundary and hydrodynamic lubrication are the two essential mechanisms for reducing friction and wear in mechanical systems. Proper lubrication is critical to maintaining machinery and reducing friction-related wear and tear. In this concise guide, we will explore the key differences between these two lubrication methods, delving into their distinct mechanisms, applications, and advantages. Understanding these different lubrication approaches empowers engineers to make informed decisions in selecting the right lubricant for optimal performance and durability in various

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aircon mould alternaria and how to prevent it

Alternaria: An Aircon Mould & How to Prevent It

In recent years, indoor allergens and moulds have become a global concern, impacting people’s health and well-being. Among these moulds, Alternaria an aircon mould stands out as a common fungus known to cause respiratory allergies and potentially severe health issues. Its ability to thrive in warm and moist environments makes air conditioners an ideal breeding ground. This article aims to highlight the significance of Alternaria contamination on air conditioning units, discuss associated health risks, and provide practical prevention and removal tips.

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what to do about a rusty air conditioner

What to Do About a Rusty Air Conditioner

Your air conditioner endures significant wear and tear throughout its lifespan. While modern units are designed to be highly durable and capable of withstanding harsh conditions, they still require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance. Neglecting proper AC tune-ups and exposing your unit to high moisture levels can result in issues such as rust formation. A rusty air conditioner not only looks visually unappealing but also exhibits poor functioning. A rusty air conditioner may struggle to cool or heat your

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