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what is hardness of water and how to deal with it

What Is Hardness of Water and How to Deal With It

Water is a fundamental element of life, indispensable for human consumption, sanitation, and industrial processes. Yet, not all water is created equal. As it journeys through the Earth’s crust, minerals and ions, alter its composition, which impacts its quality and usability. One such transformation is the phenomenon known as “water hardness.” In water chemistry, hardness refers to the concentration of certain minerals, predominantly calcium and magnesium ions, dissolved within the water. While these minerals are essential for human health and

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hepatitis e prevalance, transmission, and prevention strategies

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV): Prevalence, Transmission, and Prevention Strategies

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of enteric viral hepatitis worldwide. Recently, autochthonous HEV infection has emerged as a significant concern in Europe, as the EFSA reported, making it a global public health issue. Despite its low prevalence overall, HEV varies significantly in different regions, with higher rates observed in developing countries. In Spain, the general population’s prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies is reported to be 1.1% (Echevarría et al., 2014). HEV is a small, spherical virus, approximately 27-34

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ensuring food standards from farm to fork

Farm-to-Fork: Ensuring Food Standards

Food is subject to extensive regulation, with specific guidelines for various stages of its production and distribution. In the European Union, for instance, there are stringent standards outlined in Annex I of EU law No. 852/2004, which focuses on the hygiene of food products. This regulation emphasises the importance of maintaining clean conditions for animals prior to slaughter, aiming to prevent the risk of cross-contamination. When it comes to food preparation, whether at home or in commercial establishments, there are established

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what is the global food safety initiative gfsi

What is Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)?

The Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) is vital in ensuring food safety management systems. It endorses auditing platforms that meet its gold standard for food safety audits, instilling customer confidence and attracting new ones. GFSI evaluates suppliers based on disclosure, operational compliance, and traceability to ensure consistent, safe food production. Accreditation, capability building, and benchmarking contribute to improved industry practices and market accessibility. GFSI’s efforts benefit stakeholders by upholding the highest standards in food safety, product integrity, and cost efficiency.

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10 listeria contamination hotspots identified

10 Listeria Contamination Hotspots Identified

Listeria monocytogenes, or Listeria, is a dangerous bacterium causing severe illness in vulnerable populations. Listeria’s ability to thrive in various environments significantly threatens food safety and public health. To effectively combat this pathogen, it is crucial to identify potential sources of contamination and implement preventative measures. This article serves as a guide, highlighting ten key areas where Listeria can be found, enabling individuals and organisations to take proactive steps to reduce the risk of listeria contamination and protect consumer health.

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the risks of mosh and moah contamination

The Risks of MOSH and MOAH Contamination

In our quest for convenience and efficiency, we often overlook the potential dangers hidden in the products we use every day. Two such hazards, MOSH (Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons) and MOAH (Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons) have recently emerged as concerning substances that demand our attention. Found in a wide range of common items, from food packaging to cosmetics, MOSH and MOAH have been linked to long-term organ toxicity, carcinogenic properties, and tissue accumulation, making it vital for individuals to be

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your guide to draft beer line cleaning

Your Guide to Draft Beer Line Cleaning

Welcome to our draft beer line cleaning article. A bar or restaurant owner must maintain a clean tap system to ensure your customers receive a quality beer-drinking experience. Neglected tap lines can lead to an accumulation of bacteria, yeast, and other contaminants that can affect the taste and aroma of the beer, leading to customer dissatisfaction and potentially damaging your reputation. In this article, we will provide you with instructions on how to properly clean and maintain commercial draft beer

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what are quaternary ammonium compounds

What are Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs)?

Cleaning products containing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in healthcare facilities, food processing, food service establishments, daycare facilities, and schools. QACs are highly effective in eliminating many pathogens, making them a popular choice for disinfection and cleaning.  However, there has been growing concern about these compounds’ potential health impacts. This article explores the use of QACs in cleaning and disinfection, their effectiveness in eradicating pathogens, their potential risks, and their far-exceeding advantages. Also read: Understanding NSF

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understanding nsf certification category codes

Understanding NSF Certification Category Codes

In the food industry, it is crucial to ensure that products meet certain safety standards to protect consumers from potential health risks. NSF International, a public health and safety organisation, offers certification services to help companies comply with these standards. However, being NSF certified does not necessarily mean a product is completely safe for consumption. In this article, we will explore the different NSF categories and their importance in ensuring food safety. We will also discuss why NSF certification alone

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gram positive vs gram negative bacteria what is the difference here all you need to know

Gram Positive vs Gram Negative Bacteria

What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative in bacteria? Bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that play an essential role in our environment and health. Among the many different types of bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are two of the most important and well-studied groups. These terms refer to the way that bacteria respond to a laboratory staining technique known as the Gram stain, which was developed in the late 1800s by Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram. Since

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